The readiness of human landing systems developed by SpaceX and Blue Origin for the next moon landing in 2028 has become a pressing concern. Both companies face a tight timeline to develop, test, and operationalize their lunar landers ahead of NASA's Artemis missions.

Former NASA administrator and current Quantum Space CEO Jim Bridenstine expressed skepticism about the readiness of these systems, describing the SpaceX Starship and Blue Origin Blue Moon landers as “extraordinarily complicated” compared to the simplicity of the Apollo-era lunar module. His comments, made on a recent podcast, suggest doubts that either vehicle will be ready on time.

In contrast, NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman remains optimistic. Speaking on “Face the Nation,” Isaacman acknowledged that “The Chinese will land their taikonauts on the moon,” but emphasized the U.S. goal to return first and establish an enduring lunar presence through a base. He stated, “I think the answer is yes,” regarding the readiness of one or more landing systems by 2028.

The SpaceX Starship Human Landing System requires at least 15 launches to reach the moon: one to deploy a fuel depot, 13 to send fuel tankers to replenish it, and one for the crewed lander to refuel before lunar descent. Both SpaceX and Blue Origin have just over two years to complete development, conduct low Earth orbit tests during Artemis III, perform uncrewed lunar landings, and be operational by Artemis IV.

A Blue Origin New Glenn rocket was seen ready for launch at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in April 2026, highlighting ongoing efforts to support lunar ambitions.

The overarching challenge NASA faces is balancing the dual objectives of advancing complex new lunar technologies while competing with China’s advancing moon program. The best human landing system, as noted, will be the one that can beat China to the moon.

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