Uganda is facing a growing climate of fear as restrictions on fundamental freedoms intensify, putting opposition supporters, journalists, human rights defenders, and civil society groups at heightened risk of abuse, according to the UN Human Rights Office (OHCHR).
Since the country's general election in January 2026, there have been increased reports of enforced disappearances, torture, arbitrary arrests, and other human rights violations targeting those perceived to oppose the Government. OHCHR reports that at least 50 opposition leaders and supporters, five human rights defenders, and five journalists have been subjected to abuses in recent months.
The UN also highlighted that authorities have used legal provisions inconsistent with international human rights law to detain critics, contributing to an atmosphere of intimidation and fear. Ten leading organizations have been suspended this year, with others facing increased scrutiny and harassment, further shrinking civic space and limiting independent voices.
"The actions of the authorities are creating a climate of fear that is increasing self-censorship, further stifling public debate and deepening polarization," said UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk. His office warned that growing military involvement in civilian institutions, combined with restrictions on freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, and association, is eroding the rule of law and encouraging widespread self-censorship.
As civic space continues to contract, many Ugandans are increasingly reluctant to speak out for fear of reprisals. The UN called on the Government to uphold its obligations under international human rights law, the African Charter, and the Ugandan Constitution to ensure a vibrant civil society where all can freely express their views and participate in public affairs.
The UN also urged authorities to address Uganda's broader economic and social challenges through a human rights-based approach promoting inclusion, accountability, and equal opportunities for all.
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